Economic and health in japan

 

 

The absolute percentages of people reporting poor health declined across all socioeconomic statuses following the crisis. However, after controlling for confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for poor self-rated health (95% confidence intervals) among middle-class non-manual workers (clerical/sales/service workers) compared with the highest class workers (managers/administrators) was 1.02 (0.92 to 1.14) before the crisis but increased to 1.14 (1.02 to 1.29) after the crisis (p for temporal change = 0.02). Japan is located in an area where several continental and oceanic plates meet. This is the cause for frequent earthquakes and the presence of many volcanoes. Over 1,000 times earthquakes happen in one year. Additionally, many typhoons make landfall every year because Japan is located in the temperate zone. So government needs to secure a reliable crisis management system. The Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995 was big turning point in the development of contingency planning. 6,400 people died and 43,792 people injured over the disaster. After the earthquake, 16 laws are established or revised based on the lessons and reflections from this incident and Japanese crisis management system had been improved a lot. The association was stronger among males. The adjusted ORs among professional workers and young female homemakers also marginally increased over time. Unemployed people were twice as likely to report poor health compared with the highest class workers throughout the period. Self-rated health of people with middle to higher incomes deteriorated in relative terms following the crisis compared with that of lower income people.

Japan has the world best efficient public transportation network, especially within metropolitan areas and between the large cities. Japanese public transportation is characterized by its punctuality, its superb service, and the large crowds of people using it. Railways are most common, convenient and efficient way of transportation. Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets. There are 173 airports in Japan and flying is a popular way to travel between cities. The main international gateways are Narita International Airport, Kansai International Airport and Ch?bu Centrair International Airport. The main domestic hub is Haneda Airport, which is Asia's busiest airport. Japan has 1,152,207 km of highways with 863,003 km paved and 289,204 km of unpaved ways, and also there are 1770 km of Waterways and twenty-two major seaports. People can get goods easily and fast.
Conclusions: Self-rated health improved in absolute terms for all occupational groups even after the economic recession. However, the relative disparity increased between the top and middle occupational groups in men.